机械力化学湿法一步制备表面修饰磷酸锌微粉

以氧化锌和磷酸为原料,以硅烷偶联剂为改性剂,采用机械力化学湿法制备微细磷酸锌并进行表面改性.用XRD、润湿角、活化指数、沉降时间等手段对产物进行表征,用FT-IR对改性粉末的结构进行分析,初步探讨了偶联剂与磷酸锌的作用机理.结果表明产物为二水和四水磷酸锌混合物;在红外区域2 800～3 000 cm-1和1 400 cm-1有偶联剂的特征吸收峰,说明偶联剂与磷酸锌之间发生了化学反应;当硅烷偶联剂添加质量分数由0增加到2%,改性产品的活化指数由0增加到98.71%,对水的润湿角由0°增加到93.21°,沉降时间由0.5 h增加到176 h,在涂料中的分散性和贮存稳定性得到改进.     

Ammonia volatilization from urea as affected by the addition of iron pyrites and method of application

Laboratory incubations were conducted to determine the ammonia (NH₃) loss from urea as affected by the addition of coarse and ground (fine) pyrites at 1:1, 1:2 and 1:5 urea: pyrite (w/w) ratios and methods of application (surfaceapplication, incorporation and placement). Coarse pyrites (>-2mm) were not effective in reducing NH₃ loss from urea when surface applied even at the highest ratio of pyrite (15.9% vs 18.7% without pyrite). Ground pyrites (0.1–0.25 mm), in 1:1 ratio, had about 5% less NH₃ loss than the urea alone treatment. Higher ratios of pyrites reduced NH₃ loss much more. Ammonia losses were the most with surface-applied urea (18.9%) and the least (13.5%) when placed (2.5 cm) below the soil surface. Addition of ground pyrite to surface-applied urea (1:1 ratio) decreased the loss to 13.2%. Urea+pyrite placed below the soil surface had the least loss (9.8%). Results indicate that combined application of urea and fine pyrite could reduce NH₃ loss.     

磷矿的反应活性及其评价方法研究

介绍评价磷矿反应活性的实验装置;用磷矿在一定浓度酸液中,在一定温度、一定反应时间下的分解率表示磷矿的反应活性。实验研究了不同因素对磷矿反应活性的影响,并测试了11种磷矿的反应活性指数及抗硫酸的阻缓性能。评价方法与实验结果均具有参考价值。     

单烷基磷酸酯的提纯工艺研究

以工业纯单烷基磷酸酯为原料,通过中和处理使磷酸酯生成既难溶于水、也难溶于有机溶剂的单烷基磷酸酯单钠盐,从而分别通过有机溶剂和水除去相应的残余醇、残余酸杂质,再将其还原成单烷基磷酸酯,最后经常规工艺萃取、蒸馏、干燥等,从而达到提纯的目的。该工艺所生产的单烷基磷酸酯残余酸的质量分数<1.0%、残余醇的质量分数<1.0%。     

鄂西北区域磷矿制酸的评价试验

对湖北省4种中品位磷矿进行制酸评价试验,获得如下结果:二水法制取磷酸各种矿的优惠SO3质量浓度及技术经济指标;滤酸浓缩和澄清过程中,浓酸黏度,澄清效果、杂质系数与磷矿组成、杂质系数的关系;二段浓缩与一段浓缩所获浓酸组成及沉淀物量;二段浓缩中酸浓的选取以w(P2O5)40%～42%为宜,因此时酸的黏度不是最大,而非磷酸盐的总体溶解度最小。     

镀镍液中铁杂质的影响及处理方法

分析了镀镍液中铁杂质的产生途径及其对镀镍层质量的影响。介绍了不同情况下铁杂质的处理方法:ρ(Fe2 )<200mg/L时,可采用添加WZ-Fe除铁剂的方法处理;日常维护,可以采用小电流电解方法除去铁杂质;当Fe2 的质量浓度很高时,用KMnO4或H2O2氧化法进行处理。     

Reactive rock phosphate fertilizers and soil testing for phosphorus: The effect of particle size of the rock phosphate

North Carolina rock phosphate (NCRP) (highly carbonate—substituted apatite) was ground to produce three samples with different particle size distributions. The effectiveness of these fertilizers was compared with the effectiveness of superphosphate in a field experiment and three glasshouse experiments using lateritic soils from south-western Australia. Non-reactive Queensland rock phosphate (low carbonate-substituted apatite from the Duchess deposit) was also used in the pot experiments. Bicarbonate-soluble phosphorus extracted from the soil is widely used in Western Australia to predict plant yields from previously-applied fertilizer dressings. For both field and pot experiments bicarbonate-extractable phosphorus (soil test value) was measured and related to subsequent plant yields.As calculated from the initial slope of the relationship between yield and the level of P applied, finely powdered NCRP was about 5–32% as effective as freshly-applied superphosphate in the year of application and also for two years after application in the field experiment, and for two successive crops in the three pot experiments. For both field and pot experiments, finely powdered NCRP, was at best, 1.5–2.0 times as effective as granular NCRP. Relative to freshly-applied superphosphate, the effectiveness of rock phosphates usually decreased with increasing level of application.For each of the crops in the field experiment, the relationships between yield and phosphorus content of plants (i.e. internal efficiency curves) were similar for all fertilizers. Thus the low effectiveness of the rock phosphates relative to superphosphate was solely due to much less phosphorus being taken up by plants. By contrast, in the pot experiments internal efficiency curves differed for different fertilizers. This is attributed to differences in the rate of phosphorus uptake by plant roots during the early stages of plant growth.For both field and pot experiments, soil test calibrations (the relationship between yield and soil test value) differed for rock phosphates and superphosphate. For superphosphate, soil test calibrations also differed for the three different years after the initial application of this fertilizer in the field experiment. For the second crop in the pot experiment, soil test calibrations differed for superphosphate applied at different times (before the first and the second crop). These results point out the difficulty of applying soil testing procedures to soils that have experienced different histories of fertilizer application.     

类球形低硫磷酸铁的制备技术研究

磷酸铁（FePO₄）是锂电池正极材料磷酸铁锂（LiFePO₄）的核心前驱体,FePO₄形貌及硫含量对合成的LiFePO₄材料性能有重要影响。为得到类球形低硫FePO₄产品,在传统液相沉淀法技术基础上做了改进优化,添加十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）作为形貌助剂提高产品球形度,添加氨水作为配体形成磷酸铁铵配合物改善结晶过程,降低产品硫含量。结果表明：所制备的FePO₄产品硫质量分数低,达到2.6×10 ^-5,形貌为均一的微米类球形颗粒,D₅₀=11.4 μm,振实密度达到1.22 g/cm ³,有望成为制备高压实密度LiFePO₄材料的核心前驱体。     

纳米TiO2复合铁钛防锈颜料的研制及产业化进展

介绍了纳米TiO2复合铁钛防锈颜料的制备原理、工艺、技术指标;描述了铁钛防锈涂料的配方、性能检验和产业化进展情况.